Large Electron Positron collider
LEP (Large Electron-Positron Collider) was an accelerator-collider e + e-circular for about twenty miles long, located a hundred meters underground on the border between France and Switzerland. Currently being replaced by the LHC. It was the last step of the complex of accelerators at CERN, and in it the electrons and positrons were injected and accelerated to final energy of a collision by using RF cavities. A dipole magnet system curved beams of electrons and positrons forcing them to follow a circular path.
The LEP, electrons and positrons circulating in opposite directions at relativistic speeds, grouped in bundles (bunches) of approximately 1.6 cm in length and a section of 0.3 × 0.01 mm2.
collision There were eight points, four of whom had installed two separate experiments: ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL.
LEP began operation in August 1989 and although originally designed for the production of Z0 bosons (whose mass is 91.2 GeV/c2) with beam energies the first phase scheduled for around 45 GeV and luminosities of 1031 cm-2 · s-1, the various improvements in recent years been introduced into it (including the installation of superconducting cavities) allowed achieving beam energies up to 104.5 GeV.
was called LEP 2 (also LEP200 or LEP-II) to the second phase of the accelerator LEP particle, where it has increased the collision energy in the center of mass above 130 GeV. This increase allowed the production of pairs of W ± and Z0 bosons. It was hoped that the successive increases accounted even reach the threshold of production of new particles, for example, the Higgs boson. The collision energies reached in the center of mass system for each year of operation, and the corresponding integrated luminosity collected in the DELPHI detector can be seen in the following table.
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Part of the LEP (and in particular toroidal tunnel of 27 km has been used to build the LHC ( Large Hadrons Collider) and LHC (Large Hadron Collider).
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